40th International Conference on Production Engineering of Serbia
ICPES 2025
Nis, Serbia, 18-19th september 2025
ROADMAP FOR SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING IN THE INDUSTRY 4.0 AND 5.0 ERA: CONCEPTS, METRICS, AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMES
Ana Kitic, Mladen Radišic, Milan Grozdanovic, Ivana Jankovic
DOI: 10.46793/ICPES25.529K
This paper discusses about how Industry 4.0 and the new Industry 5.0 paradigm make it possible for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) to make things in a way that is good for the environment. We put together a taxonomy of technology, sustainability lever, KPI by combining the economic, environmental, and social streams of the literature (PLM/LCA, lean–green practices, sustainable supply chains, RMS/modularity, and digitalization/AI/IoT) into a structured narrative review. Based on this synthesis, we suggest a SME-friendly metric set and a useful roadmap that puts human-machine collaboration, green and circular technologies, data-driven operations, flexible and resilient production, smart workplaces, ethical governance, and ecosystem support in the right order. The roadmap makes it clear how digital skills can lead to triple-bottom-line results and where policy and funding can speed up adoption. The paper gives SME managers and policymakers a clear framework and useful metrics to help them plan and assess digitally enabled sustainability transitions
Sustainable manufacturing, Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, SMEs, digital twin/IoT/AI, circular economy, KPIs, roadmap
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